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Karum (Akkadian: ''kārum'' "quay, port, commercial district", plural ''kārū'', from Sumerian ''kar'' "fortification (of a harbor), break-water") is the name given to ancient Assyrian trade posts〔(Britannica Online )〕 in Anatolia (modern Turkey) from the 20th to 18th centuries BC. The main centre of ''karum'' trading was at the ancient town of Kanesh. == Assyrian settlements == Early references to ''karū'' come from the Ebla tablets; in particular, a vizier known as Ebrium concluded the earliest treaty fully known to archaeology, known variously as the "Treaty between Ebla and Aššur" or the "Treaty with Abarsal" (scholars have disputed whether the text refers to Aššur or to Abarsal, an unknown location). In either case, the other city contracted to establish ''karū'' in Eblaite territory (Syria), among other things. Sargon the Great, who likely destroyed Ebla soon after this, is said in a much later Hittite account to have invaded Anatolia to punish Nurdaggal the king of Burushanda for mistreating the Akkadian and Assyrian merchant class in the ''karū'' there. However, this is not given the weight of a contemporary source. During the second millennium BC, Anatolia was under the sovereignty of Hatti city states and, later, the Hittites. By 1960 BC, Assyrian merchants had established the ''karū'',〔Anadolu Medeniyetleri Müzesi, Ankara, ISBN 975-7523-00-3〕 small colonial settlements next to Anatolian cities which paid taxes to the rulers of the cities.〔Seton Lloyd: ''Ancient Turkey'' (Translation: Ender Verinlioğlu) Tubitak, Ankara, 1998, ISBN 978-975-403-084-6 p. 18–19〕 There were also smaller trade stations which were called ''mabartū'' (singular ''mabartum''). The number of ''karū'' and ''mabartū'' was probably around twenty. Among them were Kültepe (Kanesh in antiquity) in modern Kayseri Province; Alişar Hüyük (Ankuva (?) in antiquity) in modern Yozgat Province; and Boğazköy (Hattusa in antiquity) in modern Çorum Province. (However, Alişar Hüyük was probably a ''mabartum''.) But after the establishment of the Hittite Empire, the ''karū'' disappeared from Anatolian history. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Karum (trade post)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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